Use present perfect ("have already seen") for completed experiences relevant to the present.

Use the past simple ("had") for actions completed at a specific time in the past.

Use past simple ("wanted") for past plans and present perfect ("hasn’t bought," "hasn’t saved") for ongoing effects.

Use past simple ("wanted") for a past intention and present perfect ("hasn’t done") for current relevance.

Use present perfect ("have finished") for completed actions relevant to now.

Use past simple ("came") for a specific event and present perfect ("have worked") for ongoing relevance.

Use past simple ("landed") for completed actions and present perfect ("hasn’t come") for current effects.

Use present perfect ("have cleaned") for completed actions with a visible or present result.

Use present perfect ("has she written") for actions completed up to now.

Use present perfect ("have painted") for completed actions with visible results now.

Use the past simple ("were" and "started") for actions that happened at a specific moment in the past.

Use past simple ("went") for a specific event and present perfect ("haven’t gone") for ongoing relevance.

Use past simple ("had") for specific events completed in the past.

Use past simple ("discovered") for historical facts and present perfect ("haven’t been") for experiences.

Use present perfect ("have lost") for changes that started in the past and are relevant now.

Use past simple ("did she study") for a completed action at a specific time in the past.

Use past simple ("travelled") for actions completed at a specific time in the past.

Use present perfect ("haven’t seen") for ongoing effects and past simple ("moved") for the specific event.

Use past simple ("lived") for actions that are completed and tied to a specific past period.

Use present perfect ("haven’t talked") for an action that hasn’t happened yet but is expected.